Crystalline waterproofing involves the use of specific chemicals that react with water and by-products of cement hydration to form insoluble crystals within the concrete matrix. These crystals fill the capillaries and micro-cracks in the concrete, effectively blocking pathways for water and waterborne contaminants. This method enhances the durability of concrete structures by preventing water ingress, which can lead to corrosion of reinforcement and deterioration of the concrete itself. Crystalline waterproofing is typically applied as an admixture during the batching process or as a surface treatment on existing structures. One of the significant advantages of this approach is its self-sealing capability; if new cracks form, the presence of moisture will activate the crystalline chemicals to grow additional crystals, sealing the cracks and maintaining the waterproofing barrier. This technology is widely used in water treatment plants, tunnels, foundations, and other structures where water resistance is crucial. It also contributes to sustainability by extending the service life of concrete structures and reducing maintenance needs.

Polymer-based waterproofing systems utilize synthetic polymers to create a barrier against water penetration. These systems can be applied as liquid coatings, membranes, or admixtures, depending on the specific requirements of the project. Polymers such as polyurethane, acrylics, and epoxies are commonly used due to their excellent adhesion, flexibility, and resistance to environmental factors. When applied as a coating or membrane, the polymer forms a seamless layer that adheres to the substrate, preventing water ingress. As an admixture, polymers enhance the density and impermeability of the concrete itself. Polymer-based waterproofing is suitable for a variety of applications, including roofs, basements, water tanks, and bridges. The flexibility of polymer materials allows them to accommodate structural movements and thermal expansion, reducing the risk of cracks and leaks. Additionally, these systems are often UV-resistant and can withstand exposure to harsh weather conditions, making them a durable solution for long-term waterproofing needs.

Silane and siloxane sealers are penetrating waterproofing agents that chemically react with the substrate to form a hydrophobic barrier within the pores of materials like concrete, brick, and stone. Unlike surface coatings, these sealers do not form a film on the surface but instead work within the material to repel water while allowing vapor to escape. This breathability is essential in preventing issues like freeze-thaw damage and efflorescence. Silane/siloxane sealers are commonly used on exterior surfaces such as facades, driveways, and sidewalks to protect against water penetration, staining, and de-icing salts. The application is straightforward, typically involving spraying or rolling the sealer onto the clean, dry surface. Once applied, the sealer provides long-lasting protection without altering the appearance of the substrate, making it an excellent choice for preserving the aesthetic and structural integrity of various building materials. These descriptions provide an overview of different waterproofing chemicals and their applications. For more detailed information, consulting specialized resources or industry professionals is recommended.